Breast cancer and breast self-examination in Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide, with an estimated annual incidence of 1.38 million new cases. It is essential that women have adequate knowledge about the correct technique of breast self-examination, since its proper practice contributes to the early detection of the disease and, consequently, to the reduction of associated mortality. Material and method: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out by applying a survey to 89 women treated at the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute. The objective was to evaluate their level of knowledge about breast self-examination. Data such as age, educational level, sources of information on the subject, frequency with which they perform self-examination, phase of the menstrual cycle in which they perform it or reasons why they do not practice it were collected. In addition, an illustrated visual test composed of five disordered figures representing the correct steps of breast self-examination was included, according to the guide for prevention, screening and referral of suspected cases of breast cancer at the first level of care. Results: It was observed that most of the participants had basic knowledge about breast self-examination, although they did not know the correct technique to carry it out. This finding is consistent with previous studies published in the literature. Likewise, no significant relationship was identified between the educational level and knowledge about breast self-examination. Discussion and conclusions: The results reflect the need to strengthen health programs aimed at women, with emphasis on promoting knowledge about their own bodies. In particular, it is essential to strengthen education regarding breast self-examination, in order to improve its implementation and contribute to the early detection of breast cancer.