Knowledge and correct application of the AEM: a review of the educational influence on women

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population worldwide, with an estimated annual incidence of 1.38 million new cases, highlighting the urgent need to implement effective early detection strategies. In this context, breast self-examination represents an essential and accessible tool that, if performed appropriately, can significantly contribute to the early identification of suspicious signs and, consequently, to the reduction of mortality associated with this disease. However, for this practice to be effective, women must have an adequate level of knowledge about the correct technique. This implies not only knowing that self-examination is important, but also understanding how and when to perform it within the context of the menstrual cycle. To assess the level of knowledge about this practice, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with the participation of 89 women users of the Mexican Social Security Institute. They were administered a structured questionnaire that included variables such as age, educational level, sources of information, and frequency of self-examination. A visual test was also administered, consisting of five random illustrations depicting the appropriate steps for self-examination, according to the official guidelines for the prevention and timely referral of suspected cases of breast cancer in primary care. The results showed that while many respondents were aware of the importance of self-examination, few mastered the correct technique. No significant relationship was found with educational level, which reaffirms the need to strengthen educational programs targeting women's health.